• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a new window and / or facade element with many photovoltaic modules interconnected photovoltaic elements, which is dadur chg ekennzeichnet that it as both sides a smooth outer surface (20, 40) having multi-layer composite plate (10) with two by means of light-transparent material (3) to each other laminated discs (2, 4) is formed, of which at least the light incident disc has only a structured surface towards the laminating material (3) bonding the discs to one another and with many roof-like ribs (21, 41) arranged equidistant from each other and having triangular cross-sections, is formed, and - wherein on the in each case in one and the same main direction (-R ') out, the light incidence in the Lichteinstrahlrichtung R facing lateral surfaces (2 1, 4 1) of the ribs thin-film photovoltaic elements (5, 1 1) are arranged , - while the others in one of the main directions (-R1) opposite direction (-R1) aligned rib shell surfaces (22, 42) of photovoltaic elements or other shadow-forming elements are kept free.
    公开号:AT512678A1
    申请号:T390/2012
    申请日:2012-03-30
    公开日:2013-10-15
    发明作者:Marcus Dr Rennhofer；Karl Anton Dipl Ing Berger
    申请人:Oesterreichisches Forschungs Und Pruefzentrum Arsenal Ges M B H；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    30/03/2012 12:52 UILDHPCK JELLINEK 4 53424535 NUM538 503 30/03/2012 12:52 UILDHPCK JELLINEK 4 53424535 NUM538 503 mm * • * * i · + • km · # ♦ ·· • · Ψ * «· I »M ·· ·· ·
    The present invention relates to a new structured photovoltaic window or facade element, which is characterized in that it allows without further mounted parts both Energieeizeugung, as well as light concentration and light control and last but not least shading,
    The invention relates to a new light and translucent or opakesjpenster and / or facade element, which is equipped with a large number of current-connected and connected to photovoltaic modules photovoltaic elements, which is characterized in that it is a substantially smooth on both sides, and preferably plane, outer surface autoeisende multi-layer composite plate formed with two eirjes transparent material laminated together slices isL of which at least one, namely provided for the incidence of light and the current generation and the incident light facing disc only to the laminating the two discs laminar to each other laminating towards a three-dimensionally structured surface autoeist and with a large number of, preferably regularly and in the same distance from each other arranged, triangular or trapezoidal cross-section, and preferably flat jacket od he hill surfaces outlying, surveys, preferably elongated, mutually parallel, extending, roof-like ribs, is formed, and | - Wherein aligned in each case in one and the same main direction. the light incidence in the light irradiation direction facing facing coat or slope surfaces of the elevations or ribs, in particular prisms, Photovoltarkelsmente, in particular thin-film photovoltaic elements, are arranged, while the other or in one - said Hauptrich ung substantially direction - oriented Ribs or F rismen-mantle or slope surfaces of the elevations or ribs of Photovoltaikelemeni s or other schatlenbildenden elements are kept free.
    So, the new product in question is one at its surface or at an " interface " three-dimensionally structured, substantially slab lartiges photovoltaic facade element, or such a module. E $ consists of a two-pane laminate or multi-pane safety glass composite, which in particular is a topographically structured disk, formed with three-dimensional, regular elevations, or plate, ζ, Β. made of glass, on which photovoltaic elements or cells are applied. These may preferably be thin-film technologies, as described in the co-pending patent application for the preparation of Oschrnschrcht A ..... 72012. 30/03/2012 12:51
    No .: R289 P.003 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHFIK JELLINEK · »53424535 NUM53B 004
    PpPppPxP P
    • «• V ··« PP * p * p PPP · · · p
    Ip «***** PP f PP PP PAP · p 4 P * *» PP PPP ···
    Due to the surface structure, ie in particular by three-dimensional, regular, z, B. prismatic elevations of a thin-film photovoltaic panel, e.g. by the crest angle ct of the prisms or, respectively, by whose two partial angles β and γ and the height hd of the structure elevations, thus e.g. Prisms, may or may be satisfied by choosing different values for the partial angles β and γ and and for hd, respectively one or more purposes by means of the new pasage and / or the window according to the invention.
    These are in particular a) a reduced penetration of the radiation into an interior space, b) a reduced heat input at high sun position, c) the light guidance of the natural light at low sun position, e.g. to the ceilings of rooms, d) a view of the exterior of a building without glare, e) the generation of electrical energy by means of the photovoltaics (PV) integrated into the new window elements, 0 the concentration of the interlacing light on the individual photovoltaic cells and last but not least g) an appealing architectural effect, ie a homogeneous, planar appearance despite the three-dimensional topography on one side or between the panes.
    In conventional applications, windows and glass facades are intended to allow daylight into interiors, provide thermal insulation, weather and sound insulation, and allow for a clear view, especially from the inside to the outside. The incident light should also cause no glare and / or overheating of the interiors.
    According to the state of the art of structural engineering, in most cases single-pane glasses, multi-pane glass composites or glass-glass laminates are installed in a multi-pane laminated gas window in the façade. Also embodiments as sunscreens, e.g. By means of infrared-blocking coating are possible, these fixtures usually bring high light inputs, but low glare protection. This leads at least in summer to overheating of the interiors and to an often perceived as unpleasant Blendwirkurg, which is not desirable, for example, at computer workstations.
    All other known shading elements, e.g. Exterior blinds, shading panels, indoor blinds or interior blinds must be produced and installed in addition to the finished windows or façade elements in order to provide glare protection. 30/03/2012 12:51
    Nr .: R289 P.004 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK »53424535 NUM538 D05 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK» 53424535 NUM538 D05 ·· «« · # IS '
    Floating systems, such as e.g. Exterior or interior blinds are also mounted in addition to the finished windows or facade elements. They usually allow variable switching between light control or shading or glare protection.
    There are also photovoltaic window or facade elements as shading elements or as antiglare conventionally available and common, which actively generate electrical energy. These known building integrated photovoltaic elements have partial transparency, and are based e.g. on crystalline technologies between, for example, 15 cm * 15 cm photovoltaic cells and / or holes in the cells, or semi-transparency between about 5 mm * 1 cm thin-film cells.
    A shading dependent on the position of the sun is also achieved according to the prior art, for example, by mounting two glass panes provided with horizontal photovoltaic strips at a small distance and offset from one another, cf. Sun protection device according to DE 10 2007 013 331 A1 of 2008.
    The advantages and disadvantages of the relevant solutions of the prior art are in particular the following:
    If only a conventional sunshade is mounted, it is usually necessary to pull a shading element from top to bottom, such as ζ, Β. Exterior blinds, shading panels, interior blinds or interior blinds, and in the case of glare protection, the light input over the entire window or facade area is greatly reduced and it is then usually an additional interior lighting necessary. This is in particular energy-technically not profitable.
    Uchtlenkende systems usually allow variable between light control or shading or glare switch, but must also be mounted in addition, which means a considerable material and cost. Photovoltaic elements:
    Previously known photovoltaic facade elements allow in addition to the production of electricity a constant shading effect and thus a glare protection and quite a certain view to the outside. They offer homogeneous shading or semitransparency or a high-contrast shadow pattern, ie a partial transperency.
    The disadvantage is that the shading effect and thus the glare protection and the light entry regardless of the season and sun position always remains the same. Although these known systems actively generate energy, but by the angle to the horizon of 90 *. that is, as a result of the vertical orientation of the light input to the photovoltaic cells is only about 70% of the maximum possible light input. 30/03/2012 12:52
    No .: R289 P.005 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 UIILDHACK JELL1NEK * 53424535 NUM538 G> 06 »· • ψ ···· • ** s» «* ψ · • ♦ · * • Ψ ψ · • t · 1 ··:: 4 · e ** s · · 4 * «· * * •» ·· »· • V •« * ·· * ·
    An ideal orientation is only possible when using photovoltaic shading panels. However, these must be mounted in turn.
    In a known photovoltaic system, there is a system solution with two glass panes with strip-shaped photovoltaic cells. The distance of the glass panes, the distance of the photovoltaic strips from each other and their width determine the angles under which review, light or glare.
    Disadvantage of this system has become known that in order to achieve a glare protection, the light must be blocked from above obliquely. Thus, a light entry in the sense of a light control to the ceiling and thus in the depth of the room is not possible. Furthermore, depending on the position of the beholder, in the depth of the room, at the window, sitting or standing, a different and always only partial view is possible, and the sky is not visible at all.
    Old outdoor systems not completely integrated in the window or façade surface, e.g. Blinds, roller blinds, shading panels, photovoltaic panels udgl. can at high wind speeds, such as ζ, Β. from about 100km / h, not or only conditionally used.
    In addition, old systems that are not completely integrated into the window or façade surface require a substantial amount of installation space, ie additional costs and additional costs, due to the fact that two systems, e.g. Windows and shading elements, with separate functionalities, in place of a window or façade-integrated multifunctional system, which saves on "sublimation costs". allows to be used.
    The object of the present invention is thus, as already explained, a structured photovoltaic window * and façade element which comprises a three-dimensionally three-dimensionally specially structured pane, e.g. of white glass - or of another, possibly also opaque, carrier material on which the photovoltaic elements, e.g. is applied by a method as described in co-pending patent application A / 2012
    The specific properties of the plate-like photovoltaic elements produced in this way are determined by a structured, i. obtained with three-dimensional regular, for example, prismatic, surveys shaped surface, soft is characterized by the two prism Kammwinket ß and γ and by the height hd of the structure, ie in particular the prisms, as well as by a certain surfaces located, photovoltaic active coating or Teilftächen coating. The installation is expediently carried out in a 30/03/2012 12:52
    No .: R289 P.006 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK * 53424535 NUM538 D07
    4 '
    * * · »* ♦ * • ··· * · · t · ·« «* · ♦♦
    Two-layer laminate or in the context of a multi-pane laminated safety glass window composite, s. Exemplary DE 296 05 510 U1 from 1996.
    The additional shards also serve as protection, in particular as weathering protection for the photovoltaically active elements, e.g. against water vapor. Oxygen and possibly present in the air gaseous chemicals.
    In a two-pane laminate, the patterned photovoltaically active side may cover the inside of an outer pane according to the 'superstrate geometry'. or the outwardly facing side of an inner pane according to the " substrate geometry " form.
    In a multi-pane composite, the structured thin-film photovoltaic window or façade element is installed as a completely outer pane or laminate. In this case, the structured, photovoltaically active disk can also be found in " Superstrate geometry " or " substrate geometry " to be built in.
    Within the scope of the invention, preference is given to a new window and / or façade element, in which the mutually parallel ribs or prisms with a triangular cross-section which may have a transverse axis have a vertex angle in the range from 45 to 120 °, preferably from 75 to 115 °, exhibit.
    It has also proven to be advantageous if the mutually parallel ribs or prisms · measured from the baseline of the triangular Querschnittsflache- a height of 1 to 10mm, in particular of 5mm, and a length of the baselines of 2mm to 25mm, preferably from 10mm, exhibit.
    Furthermore, a new window and / or facade element has proven to be favorable, with which a high degree of flexibility in the use of new window and facade elements at different, geographical latitudes, sunshine, and weather conditions is achieved, namely if the with the photovoltaic elements on a regular basis timewise arranged triangular prisms partial surfaces equipped, substantially vertically oriented photovoltaic disks or plates a) for an approximately 50% shading of the prisms having their prism edge angle! Is 60 to 1009, wherein the partial angle 40 to 50 'and 50 to 40 ° and the baseline of the triangular prism Ib to the height hd thereof such as 4: 2 to 3: 2 behaves b) for low shading and increased Llchtdurchfass prisms has an acute prism edge angle, at the free edges, the partial angle is 50 to 60 ° and the partial angle of the PV element bearing partial surface 10 to 20 *, and c) for high shading at the horizontal at low angle incident light of the partial angle 30th to 45 * and the partial angle of the PV element-carrying part surface 85 to 65 ", at a blunt prism edge angle. 30/03/2012 12:53
    No .: R289 P.007 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 ULLDHfiCK JELL1NEK · »53424535 NUM538 008» * · »!» * ** * *
    The production of the new window or facade element, that is to say in particular the pane which contains the three-dimensionally structured, current-carrying thin-film photovoltaics, can be carried out in substantially the same manner as for photovoltaic window or facade elements according to the prior art.
    A particularly preferred method for producing the photovoltaically active substrate disks or plates three-dimensionally structured on one of their surfaces in the new window and facade elements, is that, while continuously maintaining a respectively provided gas atmosphere or a vacuum or Under negative pressure during the entire manufacturing or deposition process, so avoiding exposure periods - a) on a large number of, according to one or more than one, preferably uniform, direction (s) out, positive partial area surfaces of a three-dimensionally structured surface of a plate-shaped, preferably electrically non-conductive, substrate material under structurally related shadowing of each of said positive partial area surfaces connecting and aligned in substantially opposite direction, negative connection portion area n is directed under an optionally right angle, a material gas or liquid pressure jet or strömström from an electro-contact material for the formation or deposition of the back-side contacts of the individual Photövoltaikelemente, b) that on or on an upper portion of the according to a) mentioned shaded -ln other or in substantially opposite direction than the sub-areas mentioned under a) in an aligned direction - Teilungsflange at an angle, optionally> 90 ", a material gas or liquid pressure jet, optionally the electric contact material according to a) same, electrodeposition material under deposition - is applied by the backside contacts mentioned under a) with each other electrically connecting, current-conducting tent-connectors, c) that then under (re-) setting of the under a) maintained material gas or liquid pressure jet or -Stromrichtung on the - on the as under (a) said sub-area surfaces deposited - backside contacts, by means of differently, so differently, acted upon material gas or liquid pressure jets or streams each provided for the formation of the stromliefemden Kembereiches of the individual photovoltaic cells cell Archltektur applied or deposited, and 30/03/2012 12:53
    No .: R289 P.008 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK * 53424535 NUM538 D09 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK * 53424535 NUM538 D09
    Finally, while maintaining the matter gas or liquid pressure jet or flow direction mentioned under a) or c), the outer surfaces of the core regions of the unit mentioned under c) -Photovoltaikelernente each with connection to the cell contacts electrically connected to the rear contacts according to a) - a material gas or liquid pressure jet or -ström from an intended for the education or, deposition of the front contacts Elektro-Kontaktmaterlal the individual Photovoitaikelemente is directed.
    According to the new method it is provided that first the photovoltaic structure is applied to the structured surface of a substrate, as provided according to the simultaneously filed patent application A ..... 12012.
    The resulting photovoltaic " semi-finished product " is then further processed in a conventional manner, as is customary in window and facade construction, and installed in facades or in prefabricated façade elements.
    The production of the photovoltaic disk element can of course also be done in any other way, which leads to a corresponding surface structuring of the substrate or Superstrat · material and thus the PV coating. 2 B. For example, glass prisms or similar geometrical structures or structures may be applied to existing double-sided smooth glass or other substrates, e.g. be glued, and be applied to the photovoltaically active layers on their faces, but this requires much more effort
    It should also be mentioned that other geometrically arranged geometrically arranged structures are also suitable as strip-shaped, parallel arranged prisms for the surface structuring, such as e.g. Raster of pyramids.
    As regards the individual photovoltaic cells used in the finished window or façade element and their manufacture, the following should be stated here:
    On a three-dimensionally structured on its surface glass, which can be produced as described above, a variety of photovoltaic cells can be applied to itself. It may be cells in the sense of the simultaneously filed patent application A .... V2012, which is a method for producing - formed of interconnected with each other in each desired or technically conditional single-thin-film photovoltaic cells - photovoltaic cells by directed deposition of various materials such Elektrokontakt- and · connecting material, PV material for forming the above single photovoltaic elements under protection.
    However, it is also possible to use photovoltaic cells or cell parts of other types of cells, e.g. crystalline, organic, od. Like. Are applied and interconnected. 30/03/2012 12:53
    No .: R289 P.009 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 UILDHACK JELLINEK * 53424535 HUM538 P10 · «» · * * * • * 8 ♦ «· ® *
    Instead of photovoltaically active layers, other layers with different optical properties can also be used in the same way, such as merely reflecting layers for directing light.
    When Zweischibenlaminat the structured glass or the module thus formed, which carries the photovoltaic cells, as a semi-finished with a second transparency, in particular glass, laminated.
    In the multi-pane laminated safety glass window composite, the surface-structured glass carrying the photovoltaic cells is prefabricated as a semifinished product with a second glass pane and then installed in the multi-pane composite, or installed directly as a semi-finished product in the production of the multi-pane laminated safety glass window composite ,
    In the case of a two-pane laminate, the laminate is prefabricated as an outer pane in a window, ie as a multi-pane laminated safety glass window composite, or installed on its own as fixed glazing in the façade on site.
    In the multi-pane laminated safety glass window composite, the structured glass carrying the photovoltaic cells is prefabricated as a semi-finished product in a composite multi-pane safety glass composite window system. In the facade then the whole composite is installed on site.
    The dimensions define the electrical parameters of the solar cells and of the solar module and thus of the structured dwarf photovoltaic facade element. i.e. photovoltaic module. In order for a structured thin-film photovoltaic facade cladding, i. a photovoltaic module that can adjust the electrical characteristics, as in the simultaneously submitted Austrian
    Patent application A ..... / 2012, in each case a plurality of cells connected in series
    Blocks are combined, which can then be connected in parallel, for example, in the module edge area. This increases the rated current while reducing the nominal voltage. The process of forming these blocks is described in detail in the aforementioned Austrian patent application.
    The new, structured thin-film photovoltaic window or facade element, ie the photovoltaic module, can be used in facades with various other applications and / or properties. In the case of prismatic structure surfaces, these are achieved by selecting the different values for the prism edge angles α and, in particular, for their partial angles β and p, for the variables hd and Ib, the most important of which are already mentioned above:
    Further applications are possible with the new PV window and façade elements: 30/03/2012 12:54
    No .: R289 P, 010/024 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK - > 53424535 NUM538 Cll * · · 0 I ·· ¢:
    For example, the structured thin-film photovoltailc façade element, ie the photovoltaic module, can also be used in various other types of applications, except in facades:
    Apart from the cases described above, it can also be (a) as a spilling roof element, for example with β * y, or also with β> γ see FIG. 6a, in the east-west orientation of the lines, the microstructure of a Shed roofs - with the advantage of interconnecting or receiving light depending on the position of the sun and always also directing diffuse light from the sky to the interior of the building from the north, or (b) being used as an open space module, eg if ß > γ, b »d - with the advantage that even with a little inclined elevation and thus reduced land factors, the optimal orientation can be achieved to the south, i. be used with respect to conventional systems increased area occupation density, for which reference is made to Fig. 6b. As an alternative to a transparent substrate, an opaque carrier material can serve as a substrate. The functionalities that affect the Lichtdurchlaes, then of course fall away. However, all other relevant properties or criteria, ie angles, shading and light concentration are retained. As a substrate can be about sheet steel or brushed aluminum, as usual in the facade, serve.
    In the following, the specific case for certain positions of the sun in an annual transfer is explained in more detail:
    The textured thin-film photovotaic facade element can be used in facades and other applications. The design is adaptable by selecting different values for the transmission angles β and γ and hd and Ib for different purposes.
    Shown here is the behavior for the standard case of shading and light concentration at high solar states and light input at low solar states, see Figs. 4a and 4b; (i) reduced penetration of the radiation into the interior and reduced inclusion of heat in the high position of the sun with light concentration, but still looking outside; 45 "< ß < 75 ". 10 "< γ < 30 ", hd: lb -1: 3,
    Sun altitude in June at 47 ° north latitude; maximum 40-62 ", for a sun peak of 62 62", noon, is in this case the shading direct sunlight compared to the interior total. 30/03/2012 12:54
    No .: R289 P. 011/024 30/03/2012 12:52 UILDHACK JELLINEK · > 53424535 NIH538 012 30/03/2012 12:52 UILDHACK JELLINEK · > 53424535 NIH538 012 ** * For the sun heights of 40 * 62 °, angles of incidence on the prisms * plane 42 result, see Fig. 3a and in particular Fig. 5a of < 20 ° and thus a high reflectance of about 80%, which leads to a high concentration of light on the photovoltaic cells. (ii) Realization of the natural light at low sun with light concentration and external view: 45 "< ß < 75 ", 10 * < γ < 30 *. hd: lb - 1: 3,
    Sun altitude in February and 47 * north latitude: maximum about 0 ° -20 ° for sun low of 0 ', sunrise or sunset, in the morning at 7h and in the afternoon at 17h is in this case the Lfchtenfntrag of direct sunlight, directed to the ceiling will, maximum. For the sun heights of 0 "-15 *, angles of incidence on the cells and the plane of < 20 to 35 ° and thus a high reflection component, which leads to a light guide to the ceiling of the interior behind the facade element at an angle of 40 to 55 ° relative to the horizontal.
    General, technically achievable cases with other angle parameters are essentially the following: (iii) 50% shading with reduced penetration of the radiation into the interior and reduced heat input at high sun and with light concentration, and external view, for example shown in FIG. 4a: ß = 45 "and γ = 45 ° d = 5mm and b 1 cm (iv) low shading and high light input when the sun is low, see Fig.4b ß > 45 "and γ" 45 "d < 5 mm and b > 1 cm (v) high proportion of shading, especially in low sun and low transparency, see e.g. also Fig. 4c ß "45 " and γ> 45 "d * 5 mm and b > 1 cm.
    With reference to the drawings, the invention is explained in more detail:
    1 shows the basic structure of a preferably provided for the arrangement of the photovoltaic active elements disc or plate, which forms the essential part of the window * or facade element according to the invention, namely for the arrangement of photovoltaic ik- (PV} ~ cells , on its surface structured, serving as a substrate for the PV cells slice, the 30/03/2012 12:55
    No .: R289 P, 012/024 30/03/2012 12i52 UJ1LDHACK JELLINEK »53424535 NUM538 013« 0 M l * t * Φ ··
    2a in a sectional view of this disc, on the partial surfaces of which the PV elements or cells are applied, FIG. 2b shows a preferred procedure for obtaining the PV cells used in the new facade elements, see at the same time filed patent application A .... ./2012, Fig. 3a and 3b two of the essential
    FIG. 4a, 4b and 4c show the different functions of differently structured, photovoltaically active panes in the new window or façade elements, FIGS. 5a and 5b show the two essential types of functions in one In a specific way, the pane of the new window elements was structured, and FIGS. 5a and 6b structured other applications of the new photovoltaically effective facade elements as a roof element or as a stratified open-space module.
    The photovoltaic substrate 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 has a structured, i. surface 0 formed with three-dimensional regular bumps in the form of parallel elongated triangular prisms, and consists of " superstrat structure " typically made of a low-iron solar glass of total thickness D, but may also be an opaque metal foil, a semiconductor material, a ceramic or a plastic material in the case of the substrate geometry.
    The surface structuring is carried out in an ideal and moderately easy to manufacture way by straight-line, triangular in cross-section, usually prismatic elevations. The height hd and width b of the prismatic protrusions 10 have a dimension in the range of mm to cm. Preferably, the length L is equal to the width B of the PV module and is, for example, typically 50 cm for small open space modules, 70 cm for windows or 100 cm and more for large open space modules or in particular facade elements. The number of bumps times their width Ib corresponds to the longitudinal dimension L of the module, typically about 1 to 2 m for open space applications and up to 3 m for windows and e.g. storey-high facade elements.
    The prism edge angle α, which the legs of the triangular tip or the prism faces assume at the free prism edge, corresponds to the sum of the partial angles β, γ of the two sides or the distance Ib respectively relative to the height hd of the prism cross-section triangle.
    The angle α is typically 90 ° or near 906.
    When used in different installation situations of the new window and façade element, however, the angle can vary between 70 and 110 *.
    FIGS. 3a and 3b show - with otherwise meaningful reference numerals - two essential installation variants of the photovoltaic 30/03/2012 12:55
    No .: R289 P.013 / 024 30/03/2012 12 ·· 52 WILDHACK JELLINEK »53424535 NUM538 014 • P #» · »44« »« I »* ·» * ♦ active elements 5, 11 as substrate, fig 3 a, or as a superstrate, FIG. 3 b within the facade element 100 according to the invention.
    2 is the outer pane of the new facade element 100, with 3 the embedding or Zwischenscheibenmaterial, e.g. Potyvinyl butyral {PVB}, and 4 denotes the inside disk, transparent or opaque.
    The bold arrow R shows the side and direction of light incidence, d, h. the weather side, so the outside of the facade. The respective outer pane 2 shows with its smooth surface 20 to the light incidence side or to the influence of weather, while the disc 4 points with its smooth surface 40 inwards.
    Furthermore, the partial area widths of the triangular prisms 45 and 25 are designated 41, 42 (FIG. 3a) and 21, 22 (FIG. 3b). The ridge angle a of the prisms 45, 25 is divided by the vertical V on the surfaces 40 and 20 into the two partial angles 0 and γ. The base length of the prisms 45, 25 is I, the part length lb associated with the tall angle γ and their height hd. Further, the directions -R * and -R1 indicate the directions of the reflected light, and the current-supplying single elements are denoted by 5.11.
    FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c show - with otherwise constant
    Reference numerals - the basic operation of the new structured thin-film photovoltaic window or facade element. In this case, the variant was selected according to FIG. 3a (Substnatgeometrie) and neglected the beam path through a front glass smooth on both sides. The passage through this disc leads according to the laws of refraction only to a parallel displacement of the incoming light rays. With a full illumination of the facade by the sun, this has no effect on the functioning of the product proposed according to the invention. The passage through the laminating film - that is to say through the film which structurally connects the two glasses - results in a more or less large refraction of light depending on the refractive index. Depending on the refractive index, the angles β and v at the prismatic ridges or edges 12 must be adapted to it in the case of the specific product.
    The degree of shading of the element and the transparency component can be determined by selecting the angles β and γ and the lengths 11, I2 of the triangle sides or width of the prism surface strips. In the areas with the photovoltaically active coating is usually little or no, in the other areas, however, usually a high transparency available.
    One reaches approximately, according to the variants a) to c) in the case of Fig. 4 30/03/2012 12:55
    Nr .: R289 P.014 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 LJILDH FLECK JELLINEK - »53424535 NUM53B 015 30/03/2012 12:52 LJILDH FLECK JELLINEK -» 53424535 NUM53B 015 «« · «·· · # · · · · · · · · · · ·
    ♦
    · M · < * a) 50% shading with e.g. ß = 45 * and γ = 45 * d = 5 mm and b * 10 mm or with finer structuring at equal angles ß = 45 * and γ = 45, but dh = 1mm and Ib - 2 mm for a more homogeneous appearance, b) a low degree of shading and large light input in low sun with eg ß > 45 * and γ «45, ie < 5 mm and Ib > 10 mm, c) a high proportion of shading, especially when the sun is low, and low transparency with β «45" and γ > 45 * d = 5 mm and b > 1 cm.
    The function of the product is the following in each case: Homogeneous appearance and shading in high sun with about 50% transparency horizontally a), low shading and large Uchteintrag in low sun b) and high proportion of shading, especially in low sun, low transparency c). The arrow R shows the side of light incidence, i. the weather side or outside of the facade.
    The product makes in the case of FIG. 4a and 4b Uchtkonzentration, see the symbolized beam path in the following Fig. 5a and 5b - with otherwise remaining reference numerals meaning -:
    The light is reflected at the interface 42, the transparent sub-surface Rr and concentrated on the photovoltaic sub-surface 41 with the PV-Bement 5.
    This is especially effective at low sun levels where the sun's irradiance is low. Thus, the performance can be increased with constant transparency of the facade element at these times.
    In the case of FIG. 5b, the product also provides light guidance Rt to the ceiling of the interior behind the facade. Thus, it helps to solve the light and shading difficult case of low sun, so the necessary glare protection and the lighting requirement in the interior of the room without further separate lighting means. The ceiling of the interior behind the facade is illuminated by reflection of the light on the PV cells. The longer arrows show the incidence of light, on the weather side, ie on the outside of the facade and the shorter arrows the reflected and the refracted rays.
    FIG. 5 thus shows, in principle, the mode of operation of the new product, namely FIG. 5a the concentration of the incident light on the photovoltaic cells 5 by reflection on the transparent partial surfaces 42 of the prisms 45 and FIG. 4b Uchannung to the ceiling of the interior behind the facade by reflection at the photovoltaic cells 5.
    Thus, the new product, namely the structured thin-film photovoltaic window or façade element or the module, without further separate parts or other technical installations alone by the assembly in a 30/03/2012 12:56
    No .: R289 P.015 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK * 53424535 NUM538 016 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK * 53424535 NUM538 016 * 99 99 • ♦ ♦ ♦ • · · ·· « · 9 9 «
    • 9 ··· 9 «· 9« «99 9 • 99« · • 9 «9 9 9 9« «9 9«
    Window opening or in a facade the following multifunctional aspects. There are thus (a) reduced passage of daylight or solar radiation through the windows into the interior spaces, {b} reduced heat input at high solar altitude, (c) directing of natural light at low solar altitude into spatial areas, such as e.g. on ceilings that would otherwise not be lit, (d) clear view from the rooms to the outside and without glare and with only slightly reduced intensity (e) electric power generation by means of the photovoltaic integrated into the window or façade elements in a novel way, ( f) increased concentration of the incident light on the photovoltaic cells, and yet (g) attractive architectural effect, ie a homogeneous, planar
    Appearance.
    There are also significant advantages over the prior art (i) lower installation costs, (ii) lower system costs, (iri) lower electrical operating costs, and (iv) better shading and glare protection results, ie homogeneous, depending on the position of the sun than in conventional shading solutions and (v) actively contributing to energy production with (vi) higher photovoltaic yields than conventional planar photovoltaic thin film modules with PV cells in the same area.
    FIGS. 6a and 6b show two further applications of PV wafers of the new photovoltaic façade elements, with otherwise identical reference numerals, namely FIGS. 6a a strongly boarded glass PV roof element with a relatively small sloping roof and FIG. 6b the transparency an open space PV module. 30/03/2012 12:56
    No .: R289 P.016 / 024
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHRCK JELLINEK · »53424535 NUM538 017 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHRCK JELLINEK ·» 53424535 NUM538 017

    · #

    »* • * *% * ··· · • · • ♦ ♦ t« * «

    * 4 ······························································································································································································································································ electrically connected and photovoltaic modules connected to Photovoltatkelementen (11), characterized in that - as it has on both sides a substantially smooth, and preferably flat, outer surface (20, 40) having multi-layer composite panel (10) with two by means of a light transparent material (3) laminated discs (2 and 4) is formed, of which at least one, namely for the Uchteinfal! and the current generation provided and the incoming light facing disc (2 or 4} only to the two discs (2, 4) surface-bonding laminating material (3) towards a three-dimensionally structured surface and having a large number of, preferably regularly and in each having the same distance from each other, triangular or trapezoidal cross-section, and preferably flat mantle or Hangfiächen (21, 22, 41, 42), surveys (25 or 45), preferably elongated, parallel, extending, roof-like ribs (21,41 ), and - wherein on the respectively in one and the same main direction (-R ') directed towards the light in the light irradiation direction R facing mantle or slope surfaces (21, 41) of the elevations or ribs, in particular prisms (25, 45), Photovoitaikelemente, in particular thin-film photovoltaic elements (5, 11) are arranged, • while the other or in egg ner - the said main direction (-R) substantially in the opposite direction (-R1) aligned ribs or prism mantle or slope surfaces (22, 42) of the elevations or ribs (25. 45) are free from photovoltaic elements or other shadow-forming elements.
    [2]
    2. window and / or facade element according to claim 1, characterized in that the mutually parallef extending ribs or prisms (25, 45) with, optionally isosceles. Triangular cross section have a vertex angle (a) in the range of 45 to 120 ", preferably from 75 to 115 °.
    [3]
    3. window and / or facade element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mutually parallel ribs or prisms (25,45} - measured from the base line (b) of the triangular cross-sectional area · a height (hd) of 1 to 10mm, in particular 5mm, and have a length of the base lines (b) of 2mm to 25mm, preferably 10mm 30/03/2012 12:57 No .: R289 P.017 / 024 30/03/2012 12 : 52 UJILDHACK JELLINEK * 53424535 NUM538 D18 «* e« t «« * * ·· • m • • • 9 • • • • * * • • 1 • • e M »« · • · * * · *
    [4]
    4. window and / or window element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the with the Photovottaikementen on regularly arranged in time triangular prism faces (41, 22) equipped, substantially vertically oriented photovoltaic panes or plates (1) s) for about 50% shading of the prisms, the prism edge angle (σ) is 80 to 100 °, wherein the partial angle (ß) 40 to 50 * and (y) 50 to 40 * and the baseline of the triangular prism Ib to the height hd of the same as about 4: 2 to 3: 2 b) for a low shading and increased light transmission has prisms with a sharp prism edge angle (o), at the free edges (12), the part angle (β) 50 to 60 * and the partial angle (y) of the partial surface carrying the PV element is 10 to 20 *, and c) for high shading with light radiating to the horizontal in the low angle, the partial angles (β) 30 to 45 " and the partial angle of the partial surface (y) carrying the PV element (5, 11), 85 to 85 *. at a blunt prism edge angle (a).
    [5]
    5. Method for the Production of Photovoltaic Cells or Modules for Installation with Single Thin-Film Photovoltaic Elements Interconnected with each Other in a Desired or Technically Conditioned Way For Installation Into the window and / or facade elements according to one of claims 1 to 4, by directed Deposition of the materials to be used for the formation of the above-mentioned individual photovoltaic elements, characterized in that - with continuous maintenance of a respectively provided gas atmosphere or of a vacuum or negative pressure during the entire production or rejection process, thus avoiding ejection periods -a) to a large number of positive partial area surfaces (41) of a three-dimensionally structured surface (O) of a plate-shaped, preferably electrically non-conductive, substrate material (1), oriented in one or more than one, preferably uniform, direction (s) (+ R5) ) under struk Turell conditional shading of each of said positive part area surfaces (41) connecting and in substantially opposite direction (-R5) aligned, negative connection * partial area (42) under an optionally right angle (a ') a material gas or liquid pressure jet or strömström ( S1) is made of an electro-contact material for forming the backside contacts (2 ') of the single photovoltaic elements (15), 30/03/2012 12:57 No .: R289 p. 018/024 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK + 53424535 NUM538 P19 J • · »· ** ♦ · * e * * *. • 4 · · · · * * ♦ · If »IM« · · - «« * * * * must * _ I * · ·! 17) that on or on an upper region of the shaded in accordance with a) - in another or in substantially opposite (negative direction) than the sub-area surfaces (41) mentioned in a) in direction (- R5) - joint sub-area surfaces (42) at an angle (-β '), optionally> 90 °, a material gas or liquid pressure jet (S2) of a, optionally the same electrical contact material according to a), the electrodeposition material under deposition of the back side contacts (2 ') mentioned under a) are electrically connected to one another, current-conducting cell connectors (3 *), c) that then under (re) adjustment of the material gas or liquid pressure jet under (a) Current direction (+ R5) on the - on the as mentioned under a) sub-area surfaces (41) deposited · rear side contacts (2 *), by means of different, so different, acted upon Materiegas- or liquid pressure beams or currents are applied or deposited respectively for the formation of the current-lying core region (4 ') of the ultrasound photovoltaic element (15), and d) that, finally, while retaining the material gas mentioned under a) or c) or liquid pressure jet or flow direction (+ R5) on the outer surfaces of the core regions (4) of the individual photovoltaic elements (15) mentioned under c), in each case under connection to the cell connectors electrically connected to the back contacts (2 ') deposited according to a) (3 ') a material gas or liquid pressure jet or stream is directed from an electrical contact matrix of the single photovoltaic seed (15) provided for the formation or deposition of the front contacts (5),
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that as a three-dimensionally structured substrate material, one is used whose surface is formed with mutually parallel and mutually parallel aligned combs (12) and between each other parallel valleys having triangular prisms, and that on all the same positive inclination angle to the substrate extension having also mutually parallel band-like, the positive partial area surfaces (+11) forming side surfaces themselves according to a) or on the outer surfaces (40) on the just mentioned surfaces (+10) according to c ) applied photovoltaic active layers of the individual Photovoitaikelemente (4) according to d) by means of material gas or liquid pressure the Elektrokontaktmaterlal is applied and that according to b) on the comb-like up to the prismatic ridges (12) reaching band-like portions of each other also par allel negative portion surfaces (-11) is also applied by means of material gas or liquid pressure jet, the electrical contact material. 30/03/2012 12:57 No .: R289 P.019 / 024 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK * 53424535 NUM533 020 30/03/2012 12:52 WILDHACK JELLINEK * 53424535 NUM533 020 «· t # • * • · * * · · · · · · · · M M • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 1 1 1 1.
    [7]
    7, Method according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that a substrate material (1) is used, the surface (O) with a plurality of each, preferably the same number of mutually parallel triangular vortices (10) have the same dimension, in particular the same prism height (H), having series or packages of triangular prisms is formed, each separated from each other by triangular prisms (E) with a larger dimension, in particular larger prism height (H). 30/03/2012 12:58 No .: R289 P.020 / 024
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2003079448A1|2002-03-19|2003-09-25|Scheuten Glasgroep|Self-adjusting serial circuit of thin layers and method for production thereof|
    WO2009121180A1|2008-04-02|2009-10-08|Morgan Solar Inc.|Solar panel window|
    EP2423980A2|2010-08-26|2012-02-29|Kisco|Integrated thin-film photovoltaic device and manufacturing method thereof|DE202014009788U1|2014-12-12|2015-04-07|Nikolai Koehler|Device system for generating electricity on a window with a reversible OPV film|
    EP3599318A1|2018-07-27|2020-01-29| Bengbu Design & Research Institute for Glass Industry Co., Ltd.|Façade elements with structured cover plate and optical interference layer|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA390/2012A|AT512678B1|2012-03-30|2012-03-30|Photovoltaic window and / or façade element|ATA390/2012A| AT512678B1|2012-03-30|2012-03-30|Photovoltaic window and / or façade element|
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